A legal document that schools develop to give kids with disabilities the support they need. This plan covers any condition that impacts a disabled student’s ability to access education to the same degree as nondisabled students. 1
A set of beliefs or practices that devalues and discriminates against people with physical, intellectual, or psychiatric disabilities and often rests on the assumption that disabled people need to be “fixed” in one form or another.
A medical condition marked by an ongoing pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development.2
A neurological and developmental disorder that affects how people interact with others, communicate, learn, and behave. Autism is known as a “spectrum” disorder because there is wide variation in the type and severity of symptoms people experience.3
The ability to effectively interact with people from cultures different from one’s own, especially through a knowledge of and an appreciation for cultural differences.
The use of disciplinary and instructional practices that are uniquely relevant to students’ ethnic, geographic, familial, or linguistic experiences in a way that recognizes and incorporates the assets and strengths students bring to the classroom.4
A long-term physical, mental, intellectual, or sensory impairment that, in interaction with various barriers, may hinder an individual’s full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others.5
Services and supports, in accordance with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), that are available to babies and young children with developmental delays and disabilities and their families.6
Special education services for students ages 3 to 5 provided under the IDEA.7
Education programs that support students with disabilities through individual learning goals, accommodations, and modifications so that they are able to access the general education curriculum (in the general education classroom) and be held to the same high expectations as their nondisabled peers.
The primary federal law that makes available a free appropriate public education to eligible children with disabilities throughout the nation and ensures special education and related services to those children. The IDEA governs how states and public agencies provide early intervention, special education, and related services to eligible infants, toddlers, children, and youth with disabilities.8
A legal document designed to address the unique special education needs of individual students with disabilities. The IEP creates an opportunity for teachers, parents, school administrators, related services personnel, and students (when appropriate) to work together to improve educational results for children with disabilities.9
General education classes wherein students with disabilities are educated alongside students without disabilities. These classes provide specially designed instruction to students with disabilities, allowing them to access special education services in an inclusive classroom setting.10
The inequalities produced by statuses that combine, overlap, or intersect and how they influence the life course of an individual or a group, especially those who are marginalized.
A reciprocal process through which an individual or group with distinctive qualities becomes identified as one that is not accepted fully into the larger group.11
Using any device or equipment to restrict a student’s freedom of movement.12
Employees who provide instructional support under the direct supervision of a teacher, including one-on-one tutoring and assisting with classroom management, such as organizing instructional and other materials.13
A personal restriction that immobilizes or reduces the ability of a student to move their torso, arms, legs, or head freely.14
The classroom setting wherein students with disabilities are educated based on their IEP. The student’s placement should be in the least restrictive environment appropriate to support the student.15
The systemic oppression of a racial group to the social, economic, and political advantage of another; and a political or social system founded on these systems of oppression and designed to execute its principles.16
A psychology practitioner concerned with children, youth, families, and the schooling process. These professionals intervene to support children in schools at the individual and system levels and develop, implement, and evaluate programs to promote positive learning environments for children and youth.17
A federal law designed to protect the rights of individuals, including students with disabilities, in programs and activities that receive federal financial assistance.18
A classroom, typically separated from general education classrooms, where a special education teacher is responsible for the instruction of all academic subjects.19
An individual’s ability to exert influence over decisions made by those in power.
Specially designed instruction and services intended to meet the unique needs of children with disabilities.20